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“一带一路”沿线国家环境空气质量标准比较研究

李林子,傅泽强,贺克斌,谭玉菲,封强,吴佳

《中国工程科学》 2019年 第21卷 第4期   页码 82-91 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2019.04.014

摘要：

我国企业要抓住“一带一路”倡议机遇“走出去”，需要全面了解沿线国家和地区的环境标准。本文搜集整理了“一带一路”沿线国家的环境空气质量标准，分别从标准设置、污染物项目和限值水平、地区差异等方面进行分析、比较和讨论，发现虽然“一带一路”沿线大多数国家都制定了环境空气质量标准，但是在污染物项目设置、平均时间、浓度限值方面却差异很大；蒙俄、中东欧大多数国家标准较为严格，中亚、东南亚国家相对宽松，南亚和西亚、中东地区宽严程度差异较大。对于不同的环境标准要求和经济发展水平，有针对性地提出了环境标准合作、中国环境标准和产业输出的策略建议。关键词：环境标准；“一带一路”；空气质量标准；标准合作

关键词： 环境标准     “一带一路”     空气质量标准     标准合作    

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An assessment of the potential health benefits of realizing the goals for PM

Guoxia MA,Jinnan WANG,Fang YU,Yanshen ZHANG,Dong CAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第2期   页码 288-298 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0738-x

摘要： As a response to the severe air quality problems in China, the Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection in 2012 issued an updated (GB3095-2012), which set a stricter grade II PM standard. A successful implementation of this standard will have an impact on human health through reduction of exposure to air pollution in the population. Using the methods of adjusted human capital and value of statistical life, the authors in this article estimate the economic impact of a successful implementation of the updated on human health in China. The key results are: 1) The human health benefits from reaching the updated standard for PM would equal CNY 51.1 billion using adjusted human capital, accounting for 18.5% of total human health costs in China, and CNY 83.5 billion using the value of a statistical life; 2) the benefit of reaching the updated standard for PM is highest in the east coastal areas and gradually declines for more Western provinces; and 3) the marginal benefit of public health increases as the environmental quality standard PM improves. If the annual concentration of PM were to be reduced from the target number in the original grade II standard to that in the updated standard, the mortality rate of long-term exposure would be reduced by 6.5% due to reduced chronic exposure. In addition, if the annual concentration were to be reduced further from updated grade II to grade I standard, the mortality rate for long-term exposure would be lowered by 32.8%.

关键词： air quality     health benefit     Ambient Air Quality Standard     PM10     China    

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The impacts of economic restructuring and technology upgrade on air quality and human health in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

Chao Liu, Hancheng Dai, Lin Zhang, Changchun Feng

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-019-1155-y

摘要： Impacts of industrial restructuring and upgrade on air quality & health are assessed. An integrated approach combining different models is used for the assessment. Industrial technology upgrading is more effective than economic restructuring. Ozone is much more difficult to mitigate than PM2.5. In this study, we have analyzed possible policy options to improve the air quality in an industrialized region—Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei (BTH) in China. A comprehensive model framework integrating GAINS-China, GEOS-Chem, and IMED/HEL is established to investigate the impacts of various policies on air pollution and health effects. The model establishes a data interface between economic input/output data and the emission inventory of atmospheric pollutants in the BTH region. Based on in-depth analyses of pollutant emission standards, industrial structure, pollution-intensive industries, and emission intensities in BTH and Pearl River Delta, several scenarios are constructed to explore the effectiveness of policy pathways in improving air quality in the BTH region. These scenarios include two categories: the category of “Industrial Technology Upgrade Policy” scenarios that focuses on reducing the emission intensity of industries vs. that of “Industrial Structure Adjustment Policy” scenarios that focuses on adjusting the proportion of industrial value-added. Our results show that the policy path of industrial technology upgrading can be effective and feasible, while economic structure adjustment shows complex and mixed effectiveness. We also find that the proposed policies and measures will be efficient to reduce pollution of primary pollutants and fine particles, but may not effectively mitigate ambient ozone pollution. Ozone pollution is projected to become increasingly severe in BTH, placing a challenge to pollution mitigation strategies that requires further adjustments to address it.

关键词： Economic restructuring     Cleaner production     Ambient air pollution     Health benefits     IMED model    

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Human health ambient water quality criteria for 13 heavy metals and health risk assessment in Taihu Lake

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1475-6

摘要：

• The concentrations of 13 heavy metals in Taihu Lake were analyzed.

关键词： Heavy metals     Human health ambient water quality criteria     Taihu Lake     Health risk assessment     Contribution rate    

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Overview of the quality standard research of traditional Chinese medicine

Huimin Gao, Zhimin Wang, Yujuan Li, Zhongzhi Qian

《医学前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 195-202 doi: 10.1007/s11684-011-0134-x

摘要： Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases for a long time in China. Due to its proven efficacy, wide applications, and low side effect, TCM has increasingly attracted worldwide attention. However, one of the biggest challenges facing the clinical practice of TCM is the uncontrollable quality. In this review, the progress of the development and the current status of quality standard as well as new quality control techniques introduced in (2010 edition), such as liquid chromatography hyphenated mass spectrometry (LC-MS), fingerprint, quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker (QAMS), thin layer chromatography bio-autographic assay (TLC-BAA), and DNA molecular marker technique, are briefly overviewed.

关键词： traditional Chinese medicine     quality standard     quality control     quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker    

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Experimental investigation on desiccant air-conditioning system in India

Vijay MITTAL, B. Kant KHAN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 161-165 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0070-5

摘要： An experimental investigation in India was presented to evaluate the performance and energy saving capacity of a desiccant air-conditioning system composed of a silica gel bed, a split type air-conditioner (1.0 ton refrigeration) installed in a room with a volume of 86.4 m, air ducts and a blower. The experiment was made in such a way that the percentages of return air, outdoor air and indoor air mixed with the air leaving the desiccant and desiccant bed thickness could be adjusted. Tests were conducted on several days with relatively similar ambient conditions. Under the test conditions in this experiment, a 7cm bed thickness is recommended with a maximum adsorption rate of 403g/h. The optimum percentages of air ratios were as follows: 10% of outdoor air, 10% of return air (mixed together at the desiccant bed inlet) and 80% of indoor air mixed with the dry air leaving the desiccant. The corresponding electricity saving was about 19%. As expected, simple economic analysis indicates that the desiccant air-conditioning is not viable for smaller cooling capacities.

关键词： air ratios     ambient conditions     desiccant air-conditioning     silica gel    

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Impact of energy structure adjustment on air quality: a case study in Beijing, China

Bin ZHAO, Jiayu XU, Jiming HAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 378-390 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0357-8

摘要： Energy consumption is a major cause of air pollution in Beijing, and the adjustment of the energy structure is of strategic importance to the reduction of carbon intensity and the improvement of air quality. In this paper, we explored the future trend of energy structure adjustment in Beijing till 2020, designed five energy scenarios focusing on the fuel substitution in power plants and heating sectors, established emission inventories, and utilized the Mesoscale Modeling System Generation 5 (MM5) and the Models-3/Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) to evaluate the impact of these measures on air quality. By implementing this systematic energy structure adjustment, the emissions of PM , PM , SO , NO , and non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) will decrease distinctly by 34.0%, 53.2%, 78.3%, 47.0%, and 30.6% respectively in the most coal-intensive scenario of 2020 compared with 2005. Correspondingly, MM5-Models-3/CMAQ simulations indicate significant reduction in the concentrations of major pollutants, implying that energy structure adjustment can play an important role in improving Beijing’s air quality. By fuel substitution for power plants and heating boilers, PM , PM , SO , NO , and NMVOCs will be reduced further, but slightly by 1.7%, 4.5%, 11.4%, 13.5%, and 8.8% respectively in the least coal-intensive scenario. The air quality impacts of different scenarios in 2020 resemble each other, indicating that the potential of air quality improvement due to structure adjustment in power plants and heating sectors is limited. However, the CO emission is 10.0% lower in the least coal-intensive scenario than in the most coal-intensive one, contributing to Beijing’s ambition to build a low carbon city. Except for energy structure adjustment, it is necessary to take further measures to ensure the attainment of air quality standards.

关键词： Beijing     energy structure adjustment     air quality     Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ)     scenario    

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Optimization of the power, efficiency and ecological function for an air-standard irreversible Dual-Miller

Zhixiang WU, Lingen CHEN, Yanlin GE, Fengrui SUN

《能源前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第3期   页码 579-589 doi: 10.1007/s11708-018-0557-z

摘要： This paper establishes an irreversible Dual-Miller cycle (DMC) model with the heat transfer (HT) loss, friction loss (FL) and other internal irreversible losses. To analyze the effects of the cut-off ratio ( ) and Miller cycle ratio ( ) on the power output ( ), thermal efficiency ( ) and ecological function ( ), obtain the optimal and optimal , and compare the performance characteristics of DMC with its simplified cycles and with different optimization objective functions, the , and of irreversible DMC are analyzed and optimized by applying the finite time thermodynamic (FTT) theory. Expressions of , and are derived. The relationships among , , and compression ratio ( ) are obtained by numerical examples. The effects of and on , , , maximum power output ( ), maximum efficiency ( ) and maximum ecological function ( ) are analyzed. Performance differences among the DMC, the Otto cycle (OC), the Dual cycle (DDC), and the Otto-Miller cycle (OMC) are compared for fixed design parameters. Performance characteristics of irreversible DMC with the choice of , and as optimization objective functions are analyzed and compared. The results show that the irreversible DMC engine can reach a twice-maximum power, a twice-maximum efficiency, and a twice-maximum ecological function, respectively. Moreover, when choosing as the optimization objective, there is a 5.2% of improvement in while there is a drop of only 2.7% in compared to choosing as the optimization objective. However, there is a 5.6% of improvement in while there is a drop of only 1.3% in compared to choosing as the optimization objective.

关键词： finite-time thermodynamics     Dual-Miller cycle     power output     thermal efficiency     ecological function    

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Target the neglected VOCs emission from iron and steel industry in China for air quality improvement

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1695-z

摘要：

● Haze formation in China is highly correlated with iron and steel industry.

关键词： Volatile organic compounds     Iron and steel industry     Air quality     Sinter flue gas emission    

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A Standard for the Commissioning Process

William L. Gillis,Elizabeth A. Cudney

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2015年 第2卷 第1期   页码 39-51 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015006

摘要： The demand for commissioning services for new-building construction projects is experiencing rapid growth. Commissioning (Cx) is touted as being a quality-focused process for ensuring the owner’s project requirements (OPR) are met by design, final construction, and the operations of a building. To an owner this is just what is needed to receive a perfect building at occupancy. However, as many owners have realized, the Cx process does not guarantee the completed building will be what was expected. It should be pointed out that this is typically not caused by the Cx process, but the Cx process should or could have identified, in the early phases of the project, many of the issues that made it through to the completed building. There are a number of reasons why the Cx services received may not be optimal. Often it is poor communication and the transfer of knowledge between project teams. Cx should and can facilitate both communication and the transfer of knowledge from phase to phase. An adaptation of the quality function deployment (QFD) four-phase model can accomplish this by filling the gaps among the major Cx activities and provide a standard approach to the process. The four-phase model effectively links each of the Cx activities to each other and back to the OPR, providing a method for improved communication and knowledge transfer. This paper investigates some potential reasons for inconsistent Cx services, presents an argument for the need of a Cx standard, and proposes a potential standard.

关键词： construction     engineering management     quality     commissioning    

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Impact of anthropogenic heat emissions on meteorological parameters and air quality in Beijing using

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1478-3

摘要：

The Large scale Urban Consumption of energ Y model was updated and coupled with WRF.

关键词： Anthropogenic heat emissions     LUCY     High-resolution     Meteorological parameters     Air quality    

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Development of an integrated policy making tool for assessing air quality and human health benefits ofair pollution control

Xuezhen QIU,Yun ZHU,Carey JANG,Che-Jen LIN,Shuxiao WANG,Joshua FU,Junping XIE,Jiandong WANG,Dian DING,Shicheng LONG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第6期   页码 1056-1065 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0796-8

摘要： Efficient air quality management is critical to protect public health from the adverse impacts of air pollution. To evaluate the effectiveness of air pollution control strategies, the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) has developed the Software for Model Attainment Test-Community Edition (SMAT-CE) to assess the air quality attainment of emission reductions, and the Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program-Community Edition (BenMAP-CE) to evaluate the health and economic benefits of air quality improvement respectively. Since scientific decision-making requires timely and coherent information, developing the linkage between SMAT-CE and BenMAP-CE into an integrated assessment platform is desirable. To address this need, a new module linking SMAT-CE to BenMAP-CE has been developed and tested. The new module streamlines the assessment of air quality and human health benefits for a proposed air pollution control strategy. It also implements an optimized data gridding algorithm which significantly enhances the computational efficiency without compromising accuracy. The performance of the integrated software package is demonstrated through a case study that evaluates the air quality and associated economic benefits of a national-level control strategy of PM . The results of the case study show that the proposed emission reduction reduces the number of nonattainment sites from 379 to 25 based on the US National Ambient Air Quality Standards, leading to more than US$334 billion of economic benefits annually from improved public health. The integration of the science-based software tools in this study enhances the efficiency of developing effective and optimized emission control strategies for policy makers.

关键词： air quality assessment     human health benefit     economic benefit     air quality attainment assessment     air pollution control strategy     decision support system    

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Combining innovative science and policy to improve air quality in cities with refining and chemicals

David T. Allen

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第3期   页码 293-304 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1660-0

摘要： In Houston, a combination of urban emissions from a city of 4 million people, coupled with emissions from extensive petroleum refining and chemical manufacturing, leads to conditions for photochemistry that are unique in the United States, and historically, the city had experienced some of the highest ozone concentrations recorded in the United States. Large air quality field studies (the Texas Air Quality Studies or TexAQS I and II) were conducted to determine root causes of the high ozone concentrations. Hundreds of air quality investigators, from around the world, deployed instruments on aircraft, on ships, and at fixed ground sites to make extensive air quality measurements; detailed photochemical modeling was used to interpret and assess the implications of the measurements. The Texas Air Quality Studies revealed that both continuous and episodic emissions of light alkenes, which came to be called highly reactive volatile organic compounds, played a critical role in the formation of ozone and other photochemical oxidants in the region. Understanding and quantifying the role of these emissions in regional air quality required innovations in characterizing emissions and in photochemical modeling. Reducing emissions required innovative policy approaches. These coupled scientific and policy innovations are described, and the result, substantially cleaner air for Houston, is documented. The lessons learned from the Houston air quality experience are relevant to cities with similar population and industrial profiles around the world.

关键词： ozone     air quality     highly reactive volatile organic compounds     Houston    

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Analysis and prediction of the influence of energy utilization on air quality in Beijing

LI Lin, HAO Jiming, HU Jingnan

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年 第1卷 第3期   页码 339-344 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0058-5

摘要： This work evaluates the influence of energy consumption on the future air quality in Beijing, using 2000 as the base year and 2008 as the target year. It establishes the emission inventory of primary PM, SO and NO related to energy utilization in eight areas of Beijing. The air quality model was adopted to simulate the temporal and spatial distribution of each pollutant concentration in the eight urban areas. Their emission, concentration distribution, and sectoral share responsibility rate were analyzed, and air quality in 2008 was predicted. The industrial sector contributed above 40% of primary PM and SO resulting from energy consumption, while vehicles accounted for about 65% of NO. According to the current policy and development trend, air quality in the eight urban areas could become better in 2008 when the average concentrations of primary PM, SO and NO related to energy utilization at each monitored site are predicted to be about 25, 50 and 51 μg/m, respectively.
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A building-based data capture and data mining technique for air quality assessment

Ni SHENG, U Wa TANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第4期   页码 543-551 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0369-4

摘要： Recently, a building-based air quality model system which can predict air quality in front of individual buildings along both sides of a road has been developed. Using the Macau Peninsula as a case study, this paper shows the advantages of building-based model system in data capture and data mining. Compared with the traditional grid-based model systems with input/output spatial resolutions of 1–2 km, the building-based approach can extract the street configuration and traffic data building by building and therefore, can capture the complex spatial variation of traffic emission, urban geometry, and air pollution. The non-homogeneous distribution of air pollution in the Macau Peninsula was modeled in a high-spatial resolution of 319 receptors·km . The spatial relationship among air quality, traffic flow, and urban geometry in the historic urban area is investigated. The study shows that the building-based approach may open an innovative methodology in data mining of urban spatial data for environmental assessment. The results are particularly useful to urban planners when they need to consider the influences of urban form on street environment.

关键词： traffic air pollution     spatial distribution     high resolution     geographic information system    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

“一带一路”沿线国家环境空气质量标准比较研究

李林子,傅泽强,贺克斌,谭玉菲,封强,吴佳

期刊论文

An assessment of the potential health benefits of realizing the goals for PM

Guoxia MA,Jinnan WANG,Fang YU,Yanshen ZHANG,Dong CAO

期刊论文

The impacts of economic restructuring and technology upgrade on air quality and human health in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei

Chao Liu, Hancheng Dai, Lin Zhang, Changchun Feng

期刊论文

Human health ambient water quality criteria for 13 heavy metals and health risk assessment in Taihu Lake

期刊论文

Overview of the quality standard research of traditional Chinese medicine

Huimin Gao, Zhimin Wang, Yujuan Li, Zhongzhi Qian

期刊论文

Experimental investigation on desiccant air-conditioning system in India

Vijay MITTAL, B. Kant KHAN,

期刊论文

Impact of energy structure adjustment on air quality: a case study in Beijing, China

Bin ZHAO, Jiayu XU, Jiming HAO

期刊论文

Optimization of the power, efficiency and ecological function for an air-standard irreversible Dual-Miller

Zhixiang WU, Lingen CHEN, Yanlin GE, Fengrui SUN

期刊论文

Target the neglected VOCs emission from iron and steel industry in China for air quality improvement

期刊论文

A Standard for the Commissioning Process

William L. Gillis,Elizabeth A. Cudney

期刊论文

Impact of anthropogenic heat emissions on meteorological parameters and air quality in Beijing using

期刊论文

Development of an integrated policy making tool for assessing air quality and human health benefits ofair pollution control

Xuezhen QIU,Yun ZHU,Carey JANG,Che-Jen LIN,Shuxiao WANG,Joshua FU,Junping XIE,Jiandong WANG,Dian DING,Shicheng LONG

期刊论文

Combining innovative science and policy to improve air quality in cities with refining and chemicals

David T. Allen

期刊论文

Analysis and prediction of the influence of energy utilization on air quality in Beijing

LI Lin, HAO Jiming, HU Jingnan

期刊论文

A building-based data capture and data mining technique for air quality assessment

Ni SHENG, U Wa TANG

期刊论文